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China's Filtering Software Contains Pirated CodeDoes 'Green Dam' steal code from CyberSitter? And what are PC OEMs to do?. j/ H# r6 f* j' k' T3 i% o! ^
' D/ \$ F' G3 x! N/ J; G7 q9 oThe "Green Dam" filtering software that the Chinese government is reportedly requiring for all PCs sold there contains pirated code, a U.S. software manufacturer claimed Friday.
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/ V4 a. U6 w! \$ v# SSolid Oak Software, the developer of CyberSitter, claims that the look and feel of the GUI used by Green Dam mimics the style of CyberSitter. But more damning, chief executive Brian Milburn said, was the fact that the Green Dam code uses DLLs identified with the CyberSitter name, and even makes calls back to Solid Oak's servers for updates.
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Green Dam is a piece of filtering software that will reportedly be required for all PCs sold inside China. The software is already available in China, although the restrictions go into place on July 1, according to The New York Times.
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& v8 G B% K" J3 s- T+ |; Q( GAccording to a study by the University of Michigan, the Green Dam software works to identify images, text, and URLs and compares them to a filter, which blocks the offending work. The researchers took the publicly available software and reverse-engineered it, using standard methods. Inside, the study's author, assistant professor of electrical engineering J. Alex Halderman, found evidence that the software uses blacklists compiled by CyberSitter, dating back to 2006. An encrypted news bulletin, which dates back to 2004, was also accidentally included, Halderman wrote.* f& g, [: I( u4 x
/ t! r1 I2 I V- T* d"We've been talking with them since the report came out yesterday," Halderman said in an interview.8 k( u" W: ^; m( F. S: j" ^" ]% X
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To Halderman, the Green Dam software presents two fundamental problems: one, that the software contains vulnerabilities that would allow others to spy on the activities of those who use it; and second, that it might contain code stolen from another manufacturer. The Chinese developer of the Green Dam software appears to have accidentally created the vulnerabilities, Halderman said, rather than being a deliberate attempt to allow government agencies to monitor its citizens online.
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E$ w, j+ U1 w% w& Z' z7 X. |"If we apply reasoning to this, we would conclude that the government wants a backdoor it could access, and others could not," Halderman said.
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, g& s, E& w' `5 HVersion 3.17 of the Green Dam software appears to contain both the references to the blacklists as well as the allegedly stolen code. But the software is also being frequently updated, and the most recent patch, applied Thursday, appears to eliminate many of the blacklist references to Solid Oak, Halderman said.
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"I think the bottom line is that the Chinese government is trying to roll out the software without doing their due diligence," Halderman said. "Clearly, there needs to be more time to evaluate the software both in terms of legality and in terms of security before it is rolled out on a widespread basis."+ n6 Q& v+ d$ K" x7 g
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That was small consolation to Solid Oak's Milburn, who said that he had received an anonymous email sent to a broadcast address at the site Friday morning alerting the company that Green Dam was using Solid Oak code. He dismissed it, thinking it was a hoax. But another employee researched it and found that the allegation was indeed true, and that both URLs and other Solid Oak code, including DLL files, were part of Green Dam. After doing a bit of research he found the U. of Michigan paper and contacted Halderman.
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6 F2 f# M" x- B8 |+ o D. X"From the stuff they've posted, I'm 100 percent certain they're using our proprietary code," Milburn said, who said he wasn't certain how much of the code was reverse-engineered or simply stolen.. S% ]9 r6 _. u# J! L
& Y$ N9 r( w, f/ m0 K9 b, p"We're still trying to do the detective work here," Milburn said.
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At press time, Solid Oak had determined that the filtering engine or parts of it on lower level had been decompiled, using certain proprietary methods. Solid Oak doesn't ship a Chinese-language version of CyberSitter. But, Milburn said, "the words a user sees on the screen are almost identical to ours."
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According to Milburn, the company spent Friday trying to determine what its options were, and what avenues it could pursue to try and prevent its code from being misused.
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- M; |' M! J) v- t1 @# lAccording to The New York Times, PC OEMs were blindsided by the Green Dam requirement, and have tried to figure out how they could add the software to their production lines just six weeks before the mandate was scheduled to take place. Dell, Hewlett-Packard, and other OEMs would be required to add the software to their PC distributions.
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6 B n6 ^. m! g, RBut would they if it contributed to software piracy? "To my mind, [shipping Green Dam] would make the PC manufacturers an accessory after the fact to software piracy," Milburn said. "I would think that the PC manufacturers wouldn't want to do that if I were in their position."
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"We haven't had any opportunity to explore our options," Milburn said. "At the very minimum, I believe we would pursue some sort of injunction.") M6 L( f3 {* Y- L& ^
' K) A6 L/ x( A5 b) {6 BTheoretically, this could place PC OEMs wishing to do business in China with a nearly impossible choice: face the threat of an injunction or suits within the United States, risk angering the Chinese government by removing the Green Dam software, or halt PC sales into China altogether. Representatives at Hewlett-Packard and Dell were unable to be reached for comment by press time.
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This isn't the first time Solid Oak's code has been stolen, Milburn said. In the late 1990s, hackers reverse-engineered CyberSitter, which prevents underage children from accessing pornography or other adult content, to allow users to access such content.
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The hackers, as well as other detractors, have previously accused Solid Oak and CyberSitter of censoring the Internet. "That's why we don't want to be associated with it," Milburn said of Green Dam.- p% F. K, R' C7 r
8 f9 B1 c$ x# u e$ i4 }Moreover, potentially millions of Chinese PC users could hit Solid Oak's servers for updates, causing them huge fees for the additional bandwidth costs the company would be charged for.
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One obvious solution to the problem would be to block access to China, a move that would also cut off a number of American schools in China, including missionary schools, that use the software as a legitimate means of preventing children from accessing the adult content. Some organizations with satellite offices in Singapore, Korea, or other South Asian countries might also be affected.; q/ ~) I8 N; s: @* g# c: w
8 {* _+ t" J* b3 R"They're using it legitimately, and we don't want to turn off the entire continent," Milburn said.
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原帖地址：http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2348705,00.asp0 |; \& ]# _' Q( Q
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. @% Z! y* T$ N工信部日前下文要求国内新售电脑必须预装一款名为“绿坝-花季护航”的绿色上网软件，然而，有多名网友指出：该软抄袭并盗用了国外一项名为OpenCV的开源技术而非所谓具有“自主知识产权”的产品。
" p6 C: ^8 V% c ~, X* X7 m21CN记者在美国密歇根大学的官方网站上发现了一个对“绿坝”的检测报告。该报告指出，“绿坝”使用了OpenCV的haar分类器进行人脸检测。而“绿坝”主要用于不良图像过滤的文件cximage.dll、CImage.dll、xcore.dll和Xcv.dll来自OpenCV，但是“绿坝”中并没有列出OpenCV的BSD许可证。对此，业内人士指出，“绿坝”已经构成侵权。有人质疑“绿坝”的开发者像在论文抄袭，内容照搬过来了却署上自己的名字。
0 \/ p% {1 r; y& p+ h7 f5 T21CN记者在开发“绿坝”的郑州金惠公司的网站上发现这样一段文字介绍：“金惠反黄专家系统”成为中国唯一具有图像识别技术的自主知识产权的信息安全过滤产品，为中国网络信息安全行业自主发展开创新**。 ”随后记者登录中国国家知识产权局的网站亦检索到200510048576.6、200510048577.0和200510048578.5等三项属于金惠公司的不良图像信息过滤堵截专利。9 V0 l9 N# i+ T
对此，21CN记者发函给OpenCV在中国的项目负责人。该负责人透露，根据他的检测“绿坝”的核心识别程序文件“XFImage.xml”完全来自OpenCV的“haarcascade_frontalface_alt2.xml”，“绿坝”只是将源文件中的版权信息删除，内容跟OpenCV提供的文件完全相同。0 t9 x) M$ {8 R: C
另外21CN记者在网络上了解到，一些主要的社区和网站对“绿坝”软件的安全性和稳定性都提出了不同程度的质疑。在上面提到的密歇根大学的检测报告里面也提到：Scott Wolchok, Randy Yao和J. Alex Halderman三名研究人员发现“绿坝”多个严重的安全隐患，包括一个可以被远程利用的栈溢出漏洞，也是说当装上“绿坝”就等于给黑客打开了后门。同时国内一家著名杀毒软件公司的专家研究后表示，“绿坝—花季护航”确实存在可以被黑客控制的漏洞，建议绿坝软件开发者能够尽快拿出补丁程序。在补丁出来之前，用户可以暂停使用绿坝的过滤功能。
4 R5 \1 f/ N% a* c& F* d据多家网站报道，目前已经有5000多万台电脑装上了“绿坝”软件。不过，记者在网上搜索发现，很多用户指装上“绿坝”后浏览器容易发生崩溃、系统莫名其妙死机等问题。; k; x3 \3 Q; A6 {
进一步情况，21CN记者将会继续跟进。 |
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